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1.

Mindlessly checking Facebook makes you an awful lot like a lab mouse continuously pushing a button in order to get a treat.

When you check your phone, your brain gets its own little zing; Someone might be talking about you on Facebook! No? Reload. Maybe your Instagram got a heart! Reload. Reload.

But you’re no rat. Human brains can fight the ways apps hijack our brains, if we learn some skills to deal with this problem.

Are Facebook or Twitter “addictions” (瘾) ? Recent scientific research about social media doesn’t agree on that term, but evidence that we aren’t doing well is present at dinner tables where everyone is staring at screens, and at crosswalks where absent-minded people walk into traffic.

I became mindful of my early-morning bad habits. Pre-coffee, half awake, I’d lie there for an hour with my phone. So I called up psychologists, brain scientists and app designers for advice on what actually would help me.

Surprisingly, they didn’t tell me to immediately stop, but instead, they told me I needed the skills for managing social media as part of my life.

Limit Triggers (诱因)

Our brains are made to quickly eat up information. So why let social-media companies decide when to attract you? Turn off app notifications on your phone and computer, especially for live video broadcasts. They are designed to create the fear of missing out.

Avoid Quicksand (流沙 , 陷阱)

When you’re on Facebook, it is easy to read one article, then another. Nir Eyal, author of the 2014 book “Hooked” says he forces himself not to read anything right away. Instead, he saves articles to a service called Pocket, which reads them aloud while he’s at the gym.

We hurt ourselves when we use social media as a break from serious work. Our brains need a chance to be empty. Research suggests the best way to help your brain focus is exercise, even for a short period. Staring into space would be better than refreshing Facebook.

Make New Norms

Not that long ago, you could be fired for not paying attention during a meeting or class; now, many openly use their phones or laptops. Bosses could set a better work culture by providing charging stations at meetings where everyone could leave their phones, then focus on the discussion at hand. Mr. Eyal suggests you try shaming friends who have bad habits-if you do it politely. If someone is not listening to you at dinner, ask, “Is everything OK?” The answer might start an important conversation.

Tech Should Help

The social-media industry has a responsibility here, too. Since companies usually know exactly how much time users spend on their apps, they should offer help to people who have problem behavior. And for the rest of us, let’s encourage app makers to make their products more helpful, not more demanding of our time.

1 What does the underlined word “hijack” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A Wash. B Hurt. C Control. D Empty.

2 Why does Mr.Eyal save articles to Pocket?

A To rest his tired brain. B To refresh his Facebook immediately.

C To get more time to exercise. D To avoid being attracted by social media.

3 What is the best title of this passage?

A Take a break from busy life. B Free your brain from social media.

C Separate social life from your work. D Keep your life away from apps.

4 What can we infer from the passage?

A The social-media industry should make more app products.

B People with problem behavior should ask brain scientists for help.

C We should decide when to connect to social media by ourselves.

D A company with charging stations must have a better work culture.

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【答案】

1 C

2 D

3 B

4 C

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如今大家沉迷于社交网络,甚至影响到日常生活;作者还详细阐述了几个好方法帮助大家如何控制对社交网络的使用。

1

词义猜测题。根据上文 “When you check your phone, your brain gets its own little zing Someone might be talking about you on Facebook! No? Reload. Maybe your Instagram got a heart! Reload. Reload.” 描述的是大家非常沉迷于查看社交网络,可推知此处是指程序 控制 你的大脑。故选 C

2

细节理解题。根据 “Instead, he saves articles to a service called Pocket, which reads them aloud while he’s at the gym. We hurt ourselves when we use social media as a break from serious work. Our brains need a chance to be empty.” 可知是为了避免受到社交媒体的打扰。故选 D

3

标题归纳题。根据文中几个小标题 “Limit Triggers, Avoid Quicksand, Make New Norms, Tech Should Help” 可以推断出,本文最好的标题是:把你的大脑从社交媒体中解放出来。故选 B

4

推理判断题。根据 “Surprisingly, they didn’t tell me to immediately stop, but instead, they told me I needed the skills for managing social media as part of my life.” 可知作者表示我们需要管理社交媒体的技能。可以推断出我们应该自己决定什么时候接触社交媒体。故选 C

=
考点梳理:
根据可圈可点权威老师分析,试题“ ”主要考查你对 科教类阅读 等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“资料梳理”如下:
◎ 科教类阅读的定义
科普类的阅读:
科普类的阅读理解包含介绍科学知识、社会知识的短文。阅读这类短文时,要以事实为中心进行思考,抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等。
如果是介绍社会现象的文章,要掌握所谈现象的内涵。
◎ 科教类阅读的知识扩展
1. 加强整体意识,把握文章的主要内容。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号,并给重要的句子和
   关键词做上记号,尤其是各段中心句,为答题提供更快捷更多的信息源。
2. 审清题干,发觉和把握试题中有效的提示性信息,确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。
3. 定位阅读,强化对应意识。同时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。
◎ 科教类阅读的知识点拨
答题技巧:
1. 加强整体意识,把握文章的主要内容。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号,并给重要的句子和
   关键词做上记号,尤其是各段中心句,为答题提供更快捷更多的信息源。
2. 审清题干,发觉和把握试题中有效的提示性信息,确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。
3. 定位阅读,强化对应意识。同时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。
◎ 科教类阅读的教学目标
1、正确认识到我国科教方面取得的成就和存在的不足,增强民族自豪感和自信心。
2、树立强烈的社会责任感,树立正确的学习观念。
3、从日常生活小事做起,培养创新精神,为国家发展尽自己的一份力量。
◎ 科教类阅读的考试要求
能力要求:了解/识记
课时要求:1
考试频率:必考
分值比重:5

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1.

                                              Swimming and English Learning

Can you swim? Do you like swimming? Yes? Well, how can you learn to swim? I think the best way is to go into the water and learn. I’m afraid you’ll never learn to swim just by reading books about swimming or looking at others swimming. It’s the same with the English study. We must practice, practice and practice.

Listening and speaking are very important for beginners. The children in English-speaking countries first listen to others. Then they try to imitate and speak. We can listen to English programs on radio. You may just understand a few words. It doesn’t matter. Just be relaxed, try to catch every word.

Somebody may be a good listener. But he dare not speak. He’s afraid of making mistakes. You know we sometimes make mistakes when we speak Chinese. Don’t be afraid. We must be brave. If you really want to learn English well, you must try to speak with everyone so long as he knows English. Whether you know him or not is not important when there’s nobody to talk with, you can talk to yourself in English. It’s interesting and also a good way to practice your spoken English. Remember, the more you speak, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.

Reading and writing are more important for senior school students. First we must choose the books we’re interested in. A lot of reading will improve your language sense. This is the most important.

Keep writing English diaries. We can also write English articles. You may even post them to English magazines. Don’t be afraid of failure. Failure is the mother of success.

Easier said than done. Well, let’s do more practice from now on. I’m sure you’ll learn English well in this way.

1. You can learn to swim by_______.
     A. reading books about it

     B. looking at others swimming

     C. having lessons on it

     D. going into the river and learning

2. We should learn English by _______.

A. listening and speaking           B. reading and writing

C. A and B                                 D. swimming

3. What will you do with mistakes when you speak?

A. Don’t make mistakes.          B. Study hard

C. Try not to speak English        D. Don’t be afraid.

4. What’s more important for senior school students?

   A. listening    B. speaking    C. reading and writing   D. learning

5. We can listen to English ______, according to the passage.

   A. by train     B. on the radio   C. every minute   D. now and then

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1.

       What do you do if you’re stranded(处于困境的) on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane.

Body signals (信号)

       Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training. When you wave your arms up and down in a straight line, it means “yes”. When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side, it means “no”. if you want the polite to know that it’s safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend (弯曲) your knees. If you want to say that it’s not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to one side.

Smoke signals

       The smoke from a fire can be seen from far away, so it’s a good way to draw attention. If the weather is dry, it isn’t hard to start a fire. Remember, however, that fires can be very dangerous if they get out of control. Never light a fire unless you’re sure that it can’t spread. It the ground is dark, light smoke can be seen more easily. Green grass and leaves produce light smoke.

Ground-to-air signals

       It’s a good idea to build some signals, too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols(标记). If you can’t find any wood, use earth. Some useful symbols are:

       F     “I need food and water.”

       II    “I need medicine.”

       I      “I am badly hurt.”

       X     “I am unable to move from here.

Pilots’ replies

       If the pilot lowers the plane’s wings from side to side, this means “message received and understood”. (At night, the pilot flashes the plane’s green lights.) If the pilot flies the plane in a clockwise circle, this means “message received but not understood”. (At night, the pilot flashes the plane’s red lights.)

       However, there is no signal which means “message not received”. Why not?

54. Which picture means “it’s not safe to land”?

55. What can we learn from the passage?

       A. Swinging your arm from side to side means “yes”.

       B. If the ground is dark, light smoke can’t be seen.

       C. If you need some medicine, make a symbol “II”.

       D. The pilots make replies with a blue light at night.

56. What is the passage mainly about?

       A. The explanation of building signals on an island.

       B. The importance of making signals on an island.

       C. Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.

       D. Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island.

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1.

A wedding(婚礼) Invitation

 You’re invited to the wedding of Carrie and Henry at St John’s Church(教堂), on Saturday January 24th at 3:30 p.m. and dinner at the Blue Sky Restaurant, at 6:00p.m.

                                        R.S.V.P: December 29th

Dear Joe,

   I’m so excited and I have to enjoy the news with you. Today is December 23rd, I got a very special invitation from Carrie before Christmas Day(圣诞节). Do you remember the party for the Sydney group at Henry’s house? And do you remember my best friend, Carrie? Well, guess what? Carrie and Henry are getting married? It’s so romantic! Love is here!

  Carrie and Henry are having a big wedding at St. John’s Church. Monica and James are going to their wedding. Oh, I can’t wait to enjoy it. I got the invitation and it is for two people. Can you come to the wedding with me?

  Carrie and Henry are going to Suzhou for their honey moon(蜜月). I’m buying them a camera for their wedding. But before the wedding, I’d like to get my hair cool and buy a pink dress first.

  Call me at 9:00 a.m., on Friday, January 23rd, OK?

                                                    Maria

36. Maria got this wedding invitation from          .

   A. Carrie.           B. Joe.            C. Monica.             D. James

37. Monica and James are taking part in the wedding on          .

   A. Friday morning.    B. Friday afternoon.   C. Saturday morning.   D. Saturday afternoon.

38. What does “getting married” mean in Chinese?

   A. 参加聚会        B. 过圣诞节        C. 做礼拜           D. 结婚

39. The friends to the wedding party are going to have dinner         .

   A. in Suzhou.        B. at Henry’s house    C. at St John’s Church  D. at the Blue Sky Restaurant

40. From the invitation card, we know that         .

   A. Monica is having fun in Suzhou.           B. they are having the wedding in January.

   C. Monica is going to buy a camera for Joe     D. the wedding dinner starts at 7:00 p.m.

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1.

    In some parts of the Unites States, farming is easy. But farming has always been difficult in the north-eastern corner of the country, which is called New England.

    New England has many trees and thin, rocky soil. Anyone who wants to start a farm here has had to work very hard. The first job is to cut down all the trees. The next job is to dig the stumps (树桩) of the trees out of the soil. Then the farmer has the most difficult job of all, removing stones from his land, which never really ends, because every winter more stones appear. They come up through the thin soil from the rocks below. Farmers have to keep removing stones from the fields. Even today, farms which have been worked on for 200 years keep producing more stones.

    That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around the new England fields. The stone walls are not high, and can easily be climbed, but they keep the farmer’s cow from joining his neighbour’ cattle.

    6. New England lies _______.

A. in England                                    B. in the USA

C. to the northeast of England        D. to the northeast of Canada

    7. The word ‘remove’ means _______.

A. move again      B. carry out         C. take away     D. bring back

    8. In what order would a farmer in New England do the following things to start a new farm?

a. Removing the stones from the soil        b. Building a stone wall round his fields

c. Digging out the tee stumps.      d. Cutting down the trees.

A. a, b,  d,  c     B. b, c, d, a         C. d, b, c, a ,     D. d, c, a, b

    9. What is the great difficulty New England farmers have in their farming?

A. The soil is as hard as rock             B. There are too many stones

C. Plants scarcely grow                    D. The soil is too thin

    10. New England farmers build stone walls around their fields _________.

A. to save the trouble of taking away the stones

B. to keep their neighbours from breaking into

C. because stone walls are stronger than fences

D. because stone walls are easy to build

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