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1.

阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。

Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected

Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋). Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves(海浪)in the arctic waters.

The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.

On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice.

"We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks(裂缝)around," he remembers.

He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces

Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship's navigation(航行)system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.

The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.

Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.

34When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters?

35Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip?

36What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe?

37How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?

38What is Paragraph 7 mainly about?

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知识点:科普知识与现代技术
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【答案】

34In May.2010.

35Because they wanted to study the icy waters.

36He moved the ship deeper into the ice.

37More than 20 feet.

38The damage of the huge waters to people and wildlife in Arctic.

【解析】

这篇短文讲述的是科学家们在北冰洋发现了海浪,海浪非常大,迫使巨大的冰块上下跳跃,在很短的时间内将冰块破碎成更小的冰块,而随着冰块的减少,海浪就会变得更大,这使得依赖冰块生存的北极熊、海象等野生动物处在危险之中。

34根据短文第二段开头The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010.可知,这些巨大的海浪是在2019年五月份,被科学家Aleksey Marchenko和他的学生们发现的。故答案为In May 2010.

35根据短文第二段中Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.可知,Marchenko和他的学生想要研究冰冷的海水。故答案为Because they wanted to study the icy waters.

36根据短文第五段He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.可知,为了安全,Marchenko决定把船开到冰更深的地方。故回答He moved the ship deeper into the ice.

37根据短文第六段The ship's navigation(航行)system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height.可知,导航系统记录的最大的海浪有20多英尺高。故答案为More than 20 feet.

38根据短文第七段That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.可知,这一段中主要介绍了巨大的海浪对航海人员、当地社区以及野生动物的危害。故答案为The damage of the huge waters to people and wildlife in Arctic.

【点睛】

这是一篇科普说明文,短文中讲述了在北冰洋海域发现巨大海浪的过程,以及巨大海浪对人类以及野生动物的危害。文章主题明确,结构清晰,但短文中句式结构复杂,内容离学生们的日常生活较远,在理解上有一定的难度。题型是任务型阅读,要求根据文意回答问题,考查学生们对文章事实细节的理解。做题时,应先通读短文,了解文章大意;然后根据题目所问锁定文章相关段落或语句作答。例如第1小题,题目问的是发现海浪的时间,注意在短文中搜索数字、月份等关键词信息,根据第二段The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010可知答案。第4小题同理,注意数字和关键词the largest waves

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科普知识与现代技术
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1.

How Much Can We Afford to Forget?

In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access (获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads?

Civilizations(文明)develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的)Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?

Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见),and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.

Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief-the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.

In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康)depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold.And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.

We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they’re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.

30·Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?

ABecause they go off course in testing and scoring.

BBecause we control the training process on them.

CBecause we offer them too much information.

DBecause they overuse the provided answers.

31The ease of accessing information from the Internet    ·

Afrees us from making efforts to learn new skills

B. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed

Cmisleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge

Dseparates the facts we have from those in the smart machines

32The word "collapse" in Paragraph 5 probably means‘‘—,,·

Aa sudden failure                                         Bthe basic rule

Ca disappointing start                                   Dthe gradual development

33What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?

ATo question about the standards of information storage.

BTo discuss our problems of communication with machines.

CTo stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.

DTo remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.

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1.

    How did people tell the time before clocks were invented?

At first, the ancient people looked up at the sun and could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky. They also knew when it was morning or evening.

Later, the Egyptians used sticks. These sticks measured (测量) time during the day. The sun shone on the tall stick and the stick made a shadow (阴影). As the sun moved across the sky, the position (位置) of the shadow changed. This would let people tell what time it was.

Over time, the Chinese first used sundials instead of shadow sticks. The sundial has a type of shadow stick on it. As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers. Each number stands for an hour of the day. But sundials don't work at night or on a cloudy day! There are no shadows unless the sun is out.

Water clocks used water to measure time at night. Water dripped (滴落) slowly from one bowl into another. The level of the water in the bowls showed the time.

People also used sand-glasses. You may have seen one. Some games still use sand-glasses. The sand falls from the top of the sand-glasses to the bottom. It measures short amounts of the time. The more sand falls, the more time has passed. When the sand has finished falling, you have to turn the sand-glasses over.

11At first, the ancient people told the time by looking at ________.

Athe stick                 Bthe shadow             Cthe sun                   Dthe moon

12Which picture can be a "sundial"?

A    B  

C  D

13Sundials can be used to tell the time when it is ________.

Asunny                    Brainy                      Ccloudy                   Dsnowy

14Which is right according to the passage?

ASticks measured time in Egypt day and night.

BSundials were first used in ancient Egypt.

CSand-glasses usually measure a long time.   

DThe water clock told the time by the water level in the bowls.

15What's the main idea of the passage?

ASomething about sundials.                         

BHow to tell the time by looking at the sun.

CHow to tell the time in the past.                  

DSome inventions in China.

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1.

quiet, they, strong, interest, two, like, unless, choice, but, if, how

The secrets of self-control

A new book, the bestseller, Willpower, says that having strong willpower (意志力) is necessary to a successful life.

The book starts by describing a famous experiment: The Marshmallow (软糖) Test. In 1972, a psychology (心理学) professor Mischel tested the willpower of 600 kids. In the experiment, each child was left alone in a room for fifteen minutes with a marshmallow on a table in front of 26. They were given two 27: they could either eat the marshmallow or, if they waited fifteen minutes, they’d be given a 28marshmallow (and then they could eat both).

So, what did the kids do? 70% ate the first marshmallow within the fifteen minutes,29the other 30% showed willpower they didn’t eat the first one and waited for the second marshmallow 30.

Twenty years later, Mischel discovered something 31. He got in touch with the children and found that those with strong willpower were getting better marks at university, were better behaved and were more popular. So,32 important it is to have strong willpower!

But don’t worry 33 you aren’t good at controlling yourself. The authors say that willpower is like a muscle (肌肉). The more you exercise it, the 34 it gets. However, just 35 any muscle, your “willpower muscle” can get tired. So, if you have to do lots of things that need willpower, take a break. That way, you’ll build up your willpower again.

Lastly, the authors mention that people who learn foreign languages usually have a lot of willpower. So, congratulations!

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1.

根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

Last year, a special kind of glove came out.It was invented to help bind people to learn Braille,which is a special system for the blind to read by touching.Shaking motors(震动马达) are put on each finger of the glove.They can make different sounds to tell a user which letter he is touching. Recently, two British college students have invented another special glove for the blind.It can make the user feel small and quick movements.An ultrasonic sensor(超声波传感器)with a battery is put on the back of the glove.When the user wearing the glove is close to an object(物体),ultrasonic waves(超声波) from the glove are sent out(发出).As soon as they hit the object in front,the waves will return to the glove.Then the waves cause the glove to shake.And the ultrasonic sensor makes different kinds of sounds.The sounds make the user know how far he is from the object.

In the college invention competition, the two students got first prize and won 1,540 pounds.One of the designers said, “Now the ultrasonic sensor on the glove is quite large.We’re going to use the money to develop a smaller and lighter ultrasonic sensor.”

89The underlined word“Braille”in the passage means “________” in Chinese.

A盲文                                 B口语                                 C手语

90The glove with an ultrasonic sensor ________.

Acan make only one kind of sound

Bcan make the user feel small and quick movements

Cwas designed by two American college students

91Picture ________ shows how the glove with an ultrasonic sensor works according to the passage.

A                  B               C

92Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

AThe sounds from the ultrasonic sensor make the user know what the object is.

BThe two college students wanted to use 15,400 pounds to develop the glove.

CThe glove with shaking motors was invented for blind people.

93What is the best title for this passage?

AThe Way to Make Gloves

BTwo Kinds of Special Gloves

CAn Ultrasonic Sensor and Shaking Motors

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